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Tell-tale signs of a new breed of predator: they had come to North America from Asia around 15,000 years ago. The first Americans. Professor Alice Roberts: Ice Age Giants III: Last of the Giants, BBC 2013
The high plains of south-west America. There 750 years ago the inhabitants of North America’s first cities were hit by a savage drought. Man on Earth with Tony Robinson III: Killer Climate, Channel 4 2009
When I was a kid my heroes were sheriffs, gunmen, outlaws, train robbers and Indian fighters. Tony Robinson’s Wild West I, Discovery 2015
These are genuine 3-D photographs of real Cowboys and Indians ... Stereograph prints were popular all over the world. ibid.
Before the Europeans arrived there were around two million Native people living in America. ibid.
The Sioux lived on the Great Plains ... These were a nomadic people. ibid.
Sitting Bull: people joined his resistance. ibid.
Three hundred million years ago New York was at the foothills of a huge mountain range. Iain Stewart, Rise of the Continents, BBC 2013
The Grand Canyon – this is a portal through time … One and a half billion years of time. ibid.
The mid-Atlantic ridge marks where Pangaea fractured. ibid.
In Kensington, Minnesota, 1898 a Swedish immigrant Olof Ohman found a stone with runic inscription. Now this rune stone came to be known as the Kensington Rune Stone, and it became one of the most controversial artefacts in history. The year 1362 is carved on the rune stone along with an inscription of a Viking journey, suggesting that Europeans were here way before Christopher Columbus. But scholars have declared it a hoax. Secrets of the Viking Stone I: Rocks Don’t Lie, Peter Stormare reporting, Sky History 2021
So what does it say? … 8 Goths and 22 Norwegians upon a journey of discovery from Vinland westwards. We had camp by two skerries one day’s journey north from this stone … 1362. Secrets of the Viking Stone II: Skeletons in the Closet
The inscription on the stones speaks of a massacre of ten men, one day’s journey north, which could be where those skeletons were found in the Ashby gravel pit. ibid.
Vinland, west of Greenland, Helga and Ann Ingstad in 1960 a Norwegian couple … used these sagas to navigate around Newfoundland and they eventually found a Viking settlement that was dated to the year around 1,000. This changed everything. ibid.
The Vikings went almost everywhere in Europe … They settled on whatever islands they could find in the north Atlantic. Secrets of the Viking Stone III: Viking Confidential, historian
The fur trade was exactly what would have brought a group of Norsemen to Kensington, Minnesota, in 1362. ibid.
Elroy and I continue to search for an archaeologist who would be willing to hear us out about the Code Stone. Secrets of the Viking Stone IV: One Two Three, Archaeology!
‘The DNA testing worked very well’ … We had a suspicion it might be Native American … Since the skull was Native, we had to figure out a way to get the skull back to the Native Americans. Academics have a hard time believing that the Vikings came to Minnesota, but some are open to the idea L’Anse aux Meadows wasn’t the final stop. ibid. expert
L’Anse aux Meadows: ‘It looks like it had the materials you needed to repair ships: that’s why there’s so many rivets found there, and also a place where you could make rivets.’ ibid. Dr Anders Winroth
Whoever did this, that’s the person I would like to meet. It’s the last runemaster. Secrets of the Viking Stone V: Don’t Worry, Be Happy, Dr Winroth
There was no doubt that the stone had been found wrapped in tree roots. And all the witnesses who had signed affidavits regarding the age of the tree stated it was at least twenty-five to thirty years old when Olof found the stone. Secrets of the Viking Stone VI: The Discovery
It [stone] was in the ground before he [Olof] even got here. And we’ve proved that. ibid.
According to Scot, the Knights Templar had been using the hooked X for centuries … The hooked X was carved on other rune stones that had been found right here in these United States. ibid.
If you ask most people who ‘discovered’ America, they’ll tell you it was Christopher Columbus. For generations that’s what the history books said. But the history books were wrong. Who Really Discovered America? History 2010
Fresh evidence suggests that America was more like Clapham Junction for ancient travellers long before Columbus arrived. ibid.
There’s no doubting Native Americans had already settled in north America by the time Columbus arrived. The Bering Strait land-bridge theory suggests their ancestors crossed over from Asia some eighteen thousand years ago during the last ice years when a strip of land connected the two continents. ibid.
China 1421 A.D. 71 years before Columbus ... The largest maritime fleet in the world ... There may be evidence Zheng made it to America even earlier than 1421. ibid.
China 455 A.D. 1037 years before Columbus ... In China a Buddhist monk Hui Shen set sail from the coast travelling to a land he calls Fusang, what some believe is America. ibid.
Southern California ... A bed of unusual stones on the sea floor. So what are these stones? And could they prove Hui Shen made it to America fifteen hundred years ago? ... These large round stones, some weighing over a hundred and thirty kilograms, bear a striking resemblance to stone anchors used on Chinese ships as early as the time of Christ. ibid.
Wales 1150 A.D. 342 years before Columbus ... The idea that Madoc discovered America didn’t become part of the legend until the mid-1500s ... Some believe Madoc and a party of colonists left Wales in 1170. ibid.
Polynesia 1000 A.D. Four hundred and ninety-two years before Columbus ... Did they also sail by the stars to north and south America? ... Chickens they may have introduced to South America ... Sweet potatoes are not believed to be native to Polynesia, but they are native to South America – a possible clue ... But it’s more than the word for this canoe that’s important, it’s also the canoe itself which has a design that turns out to be rare, very rare ... And there’s more evidence – fish hooks ... found off Catalina Island near Los Angeles. ibid.
Even if the Polynesians didn’t find North America in 1000 A.D. someone else did – a settlement in Newfoundland proves that’s when the Vikings made it to Canada. But did they reach the United States? ibid.
Scandinavia 1000 A.D.: Still 492 years before Columbus – Viking voyagers from Scandinavia were exploring the north Atlantic, and it was only a matter of time before one of them sailed to North America. ibid.
The east coast is also home to some other artefacts thought to be Norse ... The most famous is the Kensington Runestone unearthed by a farmer in Minnesota in 1898: ‘8 Goths and 22 Norwegians on an Acquisition journey far to the west of Vinland’. ibid.
Ireland 530 A.D. 962 years before Columbus ... Saint Brendan the Navigator had a vision of paradise. Legend says he found it, and it was America. ibid.